A federal judge in Massachusetts has temporarily blocked portions of several recent USCIS policies implementing the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1) while a lawsuit brought by organizations representing Temporary Protected Status (TPS) holders and asylum applicants moves forward. As a result, USCIS will temporarily continue honoring previously extended TPS-based Employment Authorization Document (EAD) expiration dates and cannot reject asylum applications, terminate work authorization, or initiate removal proceedings solely because an applicant failed to pay the new Annual Asylum Fee (AAF). However, the court's order does not eliminate the Annual Asylum Fee itself. USCIS is still authorized to collect the fee, and anyone who has received—or later receives—a notice instructing them to pay the AAF must continue to do so. Aside from the limited provisions stayed by the court, all other requirements and fees established under H.R. 1 remain in effect pending further litigation.